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How to Understand Japanese Verbs: Groups, Exceptions, Forms, Conjugations, and Verb Particles

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Particles Dictionary Form て形 た形 ない形

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Group I Dictionary Form for Group I て形 for Group I た形 for Group I ない形 for Group I

Group II Dictionary Form for Group II て形 for Group II た形 for Group II ない形 for Group II

Group III Dictionary Form for Group III て形 for Group III た形 for Group III ない形 for Group III

Group I


Learn Japanese VerbsFirst of all, in Japanese verbs are categorized into three groups. My understanding is that they are categorized by the consonant before ます. Group I verbs have a character ending in “I” before ます. That means い、き、ぎ、び、り、ち、み、し、and に. There is only one に verb which is しに which means to die. It is not included in the Minna No Nihongo book though.

I have arranged the Group I verbs taught in Minna No Nihongo Elementary Japanese I by the character before ます:

いいます (Say)
あいます (meet)
かいます (buy)
すいます (smoke)
あらいます (Wash)
うたいます (sing)
おもいます (think)
つかいます (use)
はらいます (pay)
ならいます (learn)
もらいます (receive)
てつだいます (help (with a task))
いきます (go)
おきます (Put)
かきます (Write, draw, paint)
ききます (hear, listen, ask (someone))
はきます (Wear, put on (clothes, shoes))
ひきます (play (instrument), pull)
つきます (arrive)
あるきます (Walk)
うごきます (move, work )
はたらきま (work)
もっていきます (take something)
つれていきます (take (someone))
ぬぎます (take off (clothes, shoes))
いそぎます (hurry)
およぎます (swim)
あります (have, exist, be (inanimate), be held (an event), take place)
いります (need, require)
うります (sell)
きります (cut, slice)
ふります (rain)
なります (Become)
のります (ride, get on (train))
しります (get to know)
とります (take, pass, grow old)
おくります (escort, go with)
おわります (finish)
かえります (go home, return)
かかります (take, cost)
つくります (make, produce)
かぶります (put/wear on my head)
さわります (Touch)
すわります (sit down)
とまります (stay (somewhere))
わかります (understand)
わたります (Cross over (a bridge/road))
のぼります (Climb, go up)
まがります (turn (to the right), bend)
はいります (enter (a place), take (a bath))
がんばります (do one’s best)
かします (lend)
けします (turn off)
おします (push, press)
だします (take out, hand in, send)
かえします (give back, return)
おろします (withdraw)
なおします (repair, correct)
なくします (lose)
はなします (speak, talk)
まわします (turn, rotate, spin, revolve, turn round, wander around)
おもいだします (remember, recollect)
かちます (win)
まちます (wait)
もちます (hold)
たちます (stand up)
やくにたちます (be useful/helpful)
すみます (be going to live)
のみます (drink, take (medicine))
よみます (read)
やすみます (Rest, take a holiday, take a day off)
あそびます (enjoy oneself, play)
よびます (Call)

Here is Japanese Verbs Group I Organized List Lined Up

Group II


Group II verbs have a character ending in “E” before ます. That means: え、け、げ、め、れ、べ、て、で、ね、and せ. However, with Group II has some います、きます、びます、ります,  and みます verbs should be in Group I because they are IMASU verbs, but they are our first EXCEPTION. The significance of the grouping lies in conjugating them into different forms.

Here is a list of the verbs in Group II that are taught in Minna No Nihongo Elementary Japanese Book I:

います (exist, be (animate), have (a child), stay, be (somewhere))
おしえます (teach, tell (something))
むかえます (go to meet, Welcome)
のりかえます change, Transfer (trains))
きます (put on (clothes))
おきます (get up, wake up)
できます (be able to, can)
みます (see, look at, watch)
でます (change, come out, go out (of someplace))
ねます (sleep, go to bed)
あけます (open)
かけます (make (a phone call), put on (glasses))
まけます (lose, be beaten)
つけます (turn on)
きをつけます (pay attention, be careful, take care)
でかけます (go out)
あげます (Give me)
あびます (take (a shower))
しらべます (check, investigate)
たべます (eat)
いれます (Put in, insert)
うまれます (be born)
つかれます (get tired)
わすれます (Forget)
かえます (change)
たります (be enough, be sufficient)
かります (borrow)
くれます (Give (me))
しめます (close/shut)
とめます (graduate (from University), stop, park)
やめます (quit, retire, stop, give up)
あつめます (collect, gather)
はじめます (start, begin)
すてます (discard, throw away)
みせます (show)

In order to remember which verbs ending in います, きます, びます, or ります which should be in group one but aren’t; remember that You GET UP, TAKE A SHOWER, BORROW a towel, PUT ON A SHIRT, ARE ABLE TO catch your train, GET OFF THE TRAIN, and be glad to BE ALIVE because you can SEE that you have ENOUGH to make you happy  and you can remember the verbs that don’t end in E but are in group two Knowing this will help you to remember which “I”ます verbs do not follow the conjugation rules for group I.
おきます (get up, wake up)
あびます (take (a shower))
かります (borrow)
きます (put on (clothes))
できます (be able to, can)
おります (get off (a train))
います (exist, be (animate), have (a child), stay, be (somewhere))

みます (see, look at, watch)
たります (be enough, be sufficient)

Group III


Group III verbs are mainly します verbs with only a couple きます exception verbs. The verb きます, as well as つれてきます and もってきます, are in Group III. That is a fairly easy exception to remember. To remember that つれてきます and もってきます are in Group III and not つれてきます and もってきます (which mean to take someone/something), remember that きます means to come, and when you are asked to COME somewhere you BRING someone/something with you, but いきます means to go and when you GO (or leave somewhere) you TAKE someone/something with you. きます verbs are in group I.  Group III verbs included in the Minna No Nihongo Elementary Japanese Book are:
あんないします (show around, show the way)
うんてんします (drive)
かいものします (go shopping)
きます (come)
けっこんします (marry, get married)
けんがくします (visit a place to study it, tour)
けんきゅうします (research)
コピーします (copy)
さんぽします (take a walk)
ざんぎゅうします (work overtime)
します (do, play, put on a tie)
しゅうりします (repair)
しゅっちょうします (go on a business trip)
しょうかいします (introduce)
しょくじします (have a meal, dine, eat)
しんぱいします (worry)
せつめいします (explain)
せんたくします (wash (clothes), do laundry )
そうじします (clean)
つれてきます (bring (someone))
でんわします (use phone (call))
べんきょうします (study)
もってきます (bring (something))
よやくします (reserve, book)
りゅうがくします (study abroad)

To remember which します verbs are exceptions and are in Group I rather than Group III, REMEMBER to PUSH the button to make a WITHDRAW and TURN the automatic withdrawal OFF so that you can TAKE OUT the money you need to RETURN to your friend who you LENT money to and who you hardly ever TALK to but are making an attempt to REPAIR your relationship with them before you LOSE them as a friend. Remembering these verbs will help you to know that these verbs follow the conjugation rules for Group I.
おもいだします (remember, recollect)
おします (push, press)
おろします (withdraw)
まわします (turn, rotate, spin, revolve, turn around, wander around)
だします (take out, hand in, send)
けします (turn off)
かえします (give back, return)
かします (lend)
はなします (speak, talk)
なおします (repair, correct)
なくします (lose)

Forms & Conjugation

Now for the fun part.

Dictionary Form

also known as 辞書形(じしょけ), is used before the expression ことができます(to be able to) as well as before ことです(when the verb is the last word in a sentence) and before まえに when something is dome before something else. Here is a helpful course to help review the list of verbs in Dictionary Form. Dictionary form conjugation for

Group I

is that the all of the “I”s before ます are turned into “U”s. That means い becomes う、き becomes く、ぎ becomes ぐ、び becomes ぶ、りbecomes る、ち becomes つ、み becomes む、し becomes す、and に becomes ぬ. Remember that certain “I”ます verbs are in group II and do not follow this rule. Click here to review the list of exception verbs in Group II.
あう meet
あそぶ enjoy oneself, play
あらう Wash
ある have, exist, be (inanimate), be held (an event), take place
あるく Walk
いう Say
いく go
いそぐ hurry
いる need, require
うごく move, work
うたう sing
うる sell
おく Put
おくる escort, go with
おす push, press
おもいだす remember, recollect
おもう think
およぐ swim
おろす withdraw
おわる finish
かう buy
かえす give back, return
かえる go home, return
かかる take, cost
かく Write, draw, paint
かす lend
かつ win
かぶる put/wear on my head
がんばる do one’s best
きく hear, listen, ask (someone)
きる cut, slice
けす turn off
さわる Touch
しる get to know
すう smoke
すむ be going to live
すわる sit down
だす take out, hand in, send
たつ stand up
つかう use
つく arrive
つくる make, produce
つれていく take (someone)
てつだう help (with a task)
とまる stay (somewhere)
とる take, pass, grow old
なおす repair, correct
なくす lose
ならう learn
なる Become
ぬぐ take off (clothes, shoes)
のぼる Climb, go up
のむ drink, take (medicine)
のる ride, get on (train)
はいる enter (a place), take (a bath)
はく Wear, put on (clothes, shoes)
はたらく work
はなす speak, talk
はらう pay
ひく play (instrument), pull
ふる rain
まがる turn (to the right), bend
まつ wait
まわす turn, rotate, spin, revolve, turn around, wander around
もつ hold
もっていく take something
もらう receive
やくにたつ be useful/helpful
やすむ Rest, take a holiday, take a day off
よぶ Call
よむ read
わかる understand
わたる Crossover (a bridge/road)

Better Ways to Learn Japanese Fluently

The conjugation for Dictionary Form for verbs in

Group II

works by removing ます and adding る. Remember that there are certain “I”ます verbs in group II. Click here to review the list of exception verbs in Group II.
あける open
あげる Give me
あつめる collect, gather
あびる take (a shower)
いる exist, be (animate), have (a child), stay, be (somewhere)
いれる Put in, insert
うまれる be born
おきる get up, wake up
おしえる teach, tell (something)
おぼえる memorize
おりる get off (a train)
かえる change
かける make (a phone call), put on (glasses)
かりる borrow
かんがえる think, consider
きる put on (clothes)
きをつける pay attention, be careful, take care
くれる Give (me)
しめる close/shut
しらべる check, investigate
すてる discard, throw away
たべる eat
たりる be enough, be sufficient
つかれる get tired
つける turn on
でかける go out
できる be able to, can
でる change, come out
でる go out (of someplace)
とめる graduate (from University), stop, park
ねる sleep, go to bed
のりかえる change, Transfer (trains)
はじめる start, begin
まける lose, be beaten
みせる show
みる see, look at, watch
むかえる go to meet, Welcome
やめる quit, retire, stop, give up
わすれる Forget

The conjugation of Dictionary Form for verbs in

Group III

is a combination of the Dictionary Form conjugation of group one (し becomes す and き becomes く) and る is added on the end. Remember that not all します verbs are in Group III, some are in Group I. Review which します verbs are in Group I.
あんないする show around, show the way
うんてんする drive
かいものする go shopping
くる come
けっこんする marry, get married
けんがくする visit a place to study it, tour
けんきゅうする research
コピーする copy
さんぽする take a walk
ざんぎょうする work overtime
する do, play, put on a tie
しゅうりする repair
しゅっちょうする go on a business trip
しょうかいする introduce
しょくじする have a meal, dine, eat
しんぱいする worry
せつめいする explain
せんたくする wash (clothes), do laundry
そうじする clean
つれてくる bring (someone)
でんわする use phone (call)
べんきょうする study
もってくる bring (something)
よやくする reserve, book
りゅうがくする study abroad

て形

is used as a command alone or before phrases like: もいいです, ください, はいけません, います, and にいます. て form is also used to list actions in order of completion separated by commas and ending with a verb in ます form to indicate either present/future completion or past completion. (In order to list actions done in general, た形 is used in conjunction with り and ending in います). Here is a helpful tool to help you review and memorize the list of て形 verbs.

て form conjugation for

Group I

has the most rules and is probably the most complex. ち、り、い become っ (a small つ) with a て on the end. き becomes い except for the EXCEPTION of いきます where the き becomes a っ (a small つ) both with て on the end. for ぎ the ten-ten (“) move onto the て so it becomes いで. み、び, に become んで. and します verbs simply have the ます removed and a て added. Here is a little song to help remember the て form conjugation rules for Group I

あって meet
あそんで enjoy oneself, play
あらって Wash
あって have, exist, be (inanimate), be held (an event), take place
あるいて Walk
いって Say
いって go
いそいで hurry
いって need, require
うごいて move, work
うたって sing
うって sell
おいて Put
おくって escort, go with
おして push, press
おもいだして remember, recollect
おもって think
およいで swim
おろして withdraw
おわって finish
かって buy
かえして give back, return
かえって go home, return
かかって take, cost
かいて Write, draw, paint
かして lend
かって win
かぶって put/wear on my head
がんばって do one’s best
きいて hear, listen, ask (someone)
きって cut, slice
けして turn off
さわって Touch
しって get to know
すって smoke
すんで be going to live
すわって sit down
だして take out, hand in, send
たって stand up
つかって use
ついて arrive
つくって make, produce
つれていって take (someone)
てつだって help (with a task)
とまって stay (somewhere)
とって take, pass, grow old
なおして repair, correct
なくして lose
ならって learn
なって Become
ぬいで take off (clothes, shoes)
のぼって Climb, go up
のんで drink, take (medicine)
のって ride, get on (train)
はいって enter (a place), take (a bath)
はいて Wear, put on (clothes, shoes)
はたらいて work
はなして speak, talk
はらって pay
ひいて play (instrument), pull
ふって rain
まがって turn (to the right), bend
まって wait
まわして turn, rotate, spin, revolve, turn around, wander around
もって hold
もっていって take something
もらって receive
やくにたって be useful/helpful
やすんで Rest, take a holiday, take a day off
よんで Call
よんで read
わかって understand
わたって Cross over (a bridge/road)

て形 for Group II

is simple: the ます removed and a て is added.
あけて open
あげて Give me
あつめて collect, gather
あびて take (a shower)
いて exist, be (animate), have (a child), stay, be (somewhere)
いれて Put in, insert
うまれて be born
おきて get up, wake up
おしえて teach, tell (something)
おぼえて memorize
おりて get off (a train)
かえて change
かけて make (a phone call), put on (glasses)
かりて borrow
かんがえて think, consider
きて put on (clothes)
きをつけて pay attention, be careful, take care
くれて Give (me)
しめて close/shut
しらべて check, investigate
すてて discard, throw away
たべて eat
たりて be enough, be sufficient
つかれて get tired
つけて turn on
でかけて go out
できて be able to, can
でて change, come out
でて go out (of someplace)
とめて graduate (from University), stop, park
ねて sleep, go to bed
のりかえて change, Transfer (trains)
はじめて start, begin
まけて lose, be beaten
みせて show
みて see, look at, watch
むかえて go to meet, Welcome
やめて quit, retire, stop, give up
わすれて Forget

て形 for Group III

also simply has the ます removed and a て is added. Just like in Group I します becomes して and the きます verbs become きて.
あんないして show around, show the way
うんてんして drive
かいものして go shopping
きて come
けっこんして marry, get married
けんがくして visit a place to study it, tour
けんきゅうして research
コピーして copy
さんぽして take a walk
ざんぎゅうして work overtime
して do, play, put on a tie
しゅうりして repair
しゅっちょうして go on a business trip
しょうかいして introduce
しょくじして have a meal, dine, eat
しんぱいして worry
せつめいして explain
せんたくして wash (clothes), do laundry
そうじして clean
つれてきて bring (someone)
でんわして use phone (call)
べんきょうして study
もってきて bring (something)
よやくして reserve, book
りゅうがくして study abroad

た形

can be thought of as the た in ました when translating formal speech into informal (ふつう体/ふつう形) speech. た形 is used before the expression たことがあります to express having done something in general. た形 is used before り to express in general a list of things that were done with します at the end to indicate that there are other small things that were done as well. When listing actions done in た形, it is not correct to state actions that are done every day (like eating or sleeping). (When listing actions in order of completion, て形 is used). Also be sure to not get た形 confused with たいです (to want) or たくない (to not want) where the root of the verb is attached rather than conjugated into た形. For verbs in Group II and III it will be the same either way, but for Group I verbs it is very important.

Study た形 list of verbs included in Minna No Nihongo book I.

The conjugation for

た形 for Group I

(and both other groups as well) is identical to て形 except that た is used instead of て (and だ instead of で). ち、り、い become っ (a small つ) and た is added on the end. き becomes い except for the EXCEPTION of いきます where the き becomes a っ (a small つ) both with た on the end. for ぎ the ten-ten (“) move onto the た so it becomes いだ. み、び, に become んだ. and します verbs simply have the ます removed and a た added.
あった meet
あそんだ enjoy oneself, play
あらった Wash
あった have, exist, be (inanimate), be held (an event), take place
あるいた Walk
いった Say
いった go
いそいだ hurry
いった need, require
うごいた move, work
うたった sing
うった sell
おいた Put
おくった escort, go with
おした push, press
おもいだした remember, recollect
おもった think
およいだ swim
おろした withdraw
おわった finish
かった buy
かえした give back, return
かえった go home, return
かかった take, cost
かいた Write, draw, paint
かした lend
かった win
かぶった put/wear on my head
がんばった do one’s best
きいた hear, listen, ask (someone)
きった cut, slice
けした turn off
さわった Touch
しった get to know
すった smoke
すんだ be going to live
すわった sit down
だした take out, hand in, send
たった stand up
つかった use
ついた arrive
つくった make, produce
つれていった take (someone)
てつだった help (with a task)
とまった stay (somewhere)
とった take, pass, grow old
なおした repair, correct
なくした lose
ならった learn
なった Become
ぬいだ take off (clothes, shoes)
のぼった Climb, go up
のんだ drink, take (medicine)
のった ride, get on (train)
はいった enter (a place), take (a bath)
はいた Wear, put on (clothes, shoes)
はたらいた work
はなした speak, talk
はらった pay
ひいた play (instrument), pull
ふった rain
まがった turn (to the right), bend
まった wait
まわした turn, rotate, spin, revolve, turn around, wander around
もった hold
もったいった take something
もらった receive
やくにたった be useful/helpful
やすんだ Rest, take a holiday, take a day off
よんだ Call
よんだ read
わかった understand
わたった Cross over (a bridge/road)

Group II

conjugation for た form is also identical to て form except that た is used instead of て. ます is removed and た is added.
あけた open
あげた Give me
あつめた collect, gather
あびた take (a shower)
いた exist, be (animate), have (a child), stay, be (somewhere)
いれた Put in, insert
うまれた be born
おきた get up, wake up
おしえた teach, tell (something)
おぼえた memorize
おりた get off (a train)
かえた change
かけた make (a phone call), put on (glasses)
かりた borrow
かんがえた think, consider
きた put on (clothes)
きをつけた pay attention, be careful, take care
くれた Give (me)
しめた close/shut
しらべた check, investigate
すてた discard, throw away
たべた eat
たりた be enough, be sufficient
つかれた get tired
つけた turn on
でかけた go out
できた be able to, can
でた change, come out
でた go out (of someplace)
とめた graduate (from University), stop, park
ねた sleep, go to bed
のりかえた change, Transfer (trains)
はじめた start, begin
まけた lose, be beaten
みせた show
みた see, look at, watch
むかえた go to meet, Welcome
やめた quit, retire, stop, give up
わすれた Forget

Conjugation of

た形 for Group III

verbs is also identical to て form except that た is used instead of て. します becomes した and きます becomes きた.
あんないした show around, show the way
うんてんした drive
かいものした go shopping
きた come
けっこんした marry, get married
けんがくした visit a place to study it, tour
けんきゅうした research
コピーした copy
さんぽした take a walk
ざんぎゅうした work overtime
した do, play, put on a tie
しゅうりした repair
しゅっちょうした go on a business trip
しょうかいした introduce
しょくじした have a meal, dine, eat
しんぱいした worry
せつめいした explain
せんたくした wash (clothes), do laundry
そうじした clean
つれてきた bring (someone)
でんわした use phone (call)
べんきょうした study
もってきた bring (something)
よやくした reserve, book
りゅうがくした study abroad

ない形

is the NEGATIVE verb form used in expressions such as ないでください(please DO NOT), なければなりません(to have to), なくてもいいです (NOT (good) – don’t do). Study NA form conjugations

ない形 for Group I

verb conjugation into ない form is similar to Dictionary form except that the “I”s before ます are turned into “A”s. Except that い instead of becoming a straight up “あ” it becomes わ instead、and き becomes か、ぎ becomes が、び becomes ば、りbecomes ら、ち becomes た、み becomes ま、し becomes さ、and に becomes な. Make sure to know what “I”ます verbs are in group II and are not conjugated the same for ない形.
あわない meet
あそばない enjoy oneself, play
あらわない Wash
あらない have, exist, be (inanimate), be held (an event), take place
あるかない Walk
いわない Say
いかない go
いそがない hurry
いらない need, require
うごかない move, work
うたわない sing
うらない sell
おかない Put
おくらない escort, go with
おさない push, press
おもいださない remember, recollect
おもわない think
およがない swim
おろさない withdraw
おわらない finish
かわない buy
かえさない give back, return
かえらない go home, return
かからない take, cost
かかない Write, draw, paint
かさない lend
かたない win
かぶらない put/wear on my head
がんばらない do one’s best
きかない hear, listen, ask (someone)
きらない cut, slice
けさない turn off
さわらない Touch
しらない get to know
すわない smoke
すまない be going to live
すわらない sit down
ださない take out, hand in, send
たたない stand up
つかわない use
つかない arrive
つくらない make, produce
つれていかない take (someone)
てつだわない help (with a task)
とまらない stay (somewhere)
とらない take, pass, grow old
なおさない repair, correct
なくさない lose
ならわない learn
ならない Become
ぬがない take off (clothes, shoes)
のぼらない Climb, go up
のまない drink, take (medicine)
のらない ride, get on (train)
はいらない enter (a place), take (a bath)
はかない Wear, put on (clothes, shoes)
はたらかない work
はなさない speak, talk
はらわない pay
ひかない play (instrument), pull
ふらない rain
まがらない turn (to the right), bend
またない wait
まわさない turn, rotate, spin, revolve, turn round, wander around
もたない hold
もっていかない take something
もらわない receive
やくにたたない be useful/helpful
やすまない Rest, take a holiday, take a day off
よばない Call
よまない read
わからない understand
わたらない Cross over (a bridge/road)

ない形 for Group II

な form is like Dictionary Form as well. ます is removed and な is added.
おりない get off (a train)
かえない change
かけない make (a phone call), put on (glasses)
かりない borrow
かんがえない think, consider
きない put on (clothes)
きをつけない pay attention, be careful, take care
くれない Give (me)
しめない close/shut
しらべない check, investigate
すてない discard, throw away
たべない eat
たりない be enough, be sufficient
つかれない get tired
つけない turn on
でかけない go out
できない be able to, can
でない change, come out
でない go out (of someplace)
とめない graduate (from University), stop, park
ねない sleep, go to bed
のりかえない change, Transfer (trains)
はじめない start, begin
まけない lose, be beaten
みせない show
みない see, look at, watch
むかえない go to meet, Welcome
やめない quit, retire, stop, give up
わすれない Forget

Conjugation of verbs into な形 for verbs in

ない形 for Group III

is just like dictionary form as well. ます is removed and な is added. します becomes しな and きます becomes きな. Make sure you remember which します verbs are in Group I.
あんないしない show around, show the way
うんてんしない drive
かいものしない go shopping
こない come
けっこんしない marry, get married
けんがくしない visit a place to study it, tour
けんきゅうしない research
コピーしない copy
さんぽしない take a walk
ざんぎょうしない work overtime
しない do, play, put on a tie
しゅうりしない repair
しゅっちょうしない go on a business trip
しょうかいしない introduce
しょくじしない have a meal, dine, eat
しんぱいしない worry
せつめいしない explain
せんたくしない wash (clothes), do laundry
そうじしない clean
つれてこない bring (someone)
でんわしない use phone (call)
べんきょうしない study
もってこない bring (something)
よやくしない reserve, book
りゅうがくしない study abroad

For the expression に(い)きます as well as ましょう, verbs in ます form simply have the ます removed which is called PLAIN form.

Verb Particles


で = at / by means of / with (object)
に = to / on / in
と = with (along with – also with)
Here is a list of verbs with specific particles other than the typical を:
あいます (meet) に
います(stay, be (somewhere)) に
はいります (enter (a place), take (a bath)) に
ききます (ask (someone)) に
さわります (Touch) に
とまります (stay (somewhere)) に
のります (ride, get on (train)) に
いきます (go) へ / に
まがります (turn (to the right), bend) へ
あります (have, exist, be (inanimate), be held (an event), take place) が
いります (need, require) が
できます (be able to, can) が
でます (change, come out) が
ふります (rain) が
います (exist, be (animate), have (a child)) が
でます (change, come out) が

Here is a course to practice matching a noun and particle with the correct verb. There are some examples with を if an example was given for the verb.

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Fukuoka Tower Night Scape
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Fukuoka Tower the Softbank Hawks & the Beach

Photo by: Fukuoka NOW

Fukuoka Tower the Softbank Hawks & the Beach

Here is our Facebook pictures of the day.

This last Sunday a friend of my wife and I whose living in the same shared housing unit went to a game in Hakata, Fukuoka (Japan). We first went to the Yahoo! Dome and watched the Softbank Hawks take on a win against the Hanshin Tigers. I guess A LOT of people like the Hanshin Tigers and it was a big turn out and there were almost more Tiger uniforms running around then Softbank hawks, so it was fun to watch them lose :D.

Better Ways to Learn Japanese Fluently

Baseball in Japan is certainly different then in America (for me at least), where I’m use to going to Coorsfield and watching the Colorado Rockies lose to the Arizona Diamondbacks over and over again while taking a nap, waking up and having a hot dog and a beer. Here in Japan everyone is chants, playing trumpets and waving flags…. Constantly! So even if you wanted to take a nap, there is no way it would happen. It’s much like how a football game would go say at Mile-High Stadium in Denver when the Bronco’s are having a good season.

The end results was Hanshin Tiger’s 2 and the Softbank Hawks 5. I have to say though, I saw some really amazing plays that I would expect to see on a YouTube compliation video of the big leagues. Funny enough, it must be a Japanese thing, I saw a throw similar to what Ichiro did in the States by the left field player by the Softbank Hawks, but except it was to Homebase instead of 3rd base. (see video).

Then we took off to Fukuoka tower, took a couple pictures and decided to NOT pay the $8 fee to go to the top. I’ve been a top of several different high buildings and although it is the highest building in Kyushu, I couldn’t say I wanted to pay $16 to see it at the moment. Although, I’ll have to say I’ll just leave it be so as to have something to do at a later time and perhaps at night instead of day time. The top has been called lovers sanctuary, it’s where a lot of couples go to clip a bike lock with their signatures on it on a bar at the top to “solidify” their bond together. So it’s really popular for that, and of course it’s quite a big tourist trap for sure.

Next we went across the street where a Marina is located, it had a few restaurants and a few interesting little shops, but we were mostly interested in getting our shoes off and walking in the seashell littered sands that felt awesome on our feet from standing and walking all day. I’d say it’s a great 1-2-3 punch for a day out in Hakata, Fukuoka. I would certainly recommended. After we were finished for the day we went back to Hakata JR Station and found out there is a ramen shop area on the 2nd floor… (Hakata JR Station is HUGE!!).

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FFLC School Review Let me the Hell Outta here picture
All Blog Posts, Learn Japanese

FFLC: Fukuoka Foreign Language College Review

Looking to go to FFLC to learn Japanese?

If you are thinking of going to FFLC, there are a few things I would like to share with you first.

The first bit of this is that the rules were rather strict, mostly because this school represents a large amount of students that come to Japan simply just get a VISA to be able to work and in the end they stop going to class because they are working too much, and if they don’t go to school, the school gets in trouble. So because of that everyone is condemned to strict attendance policies and there is very little wiggle room if you ever need it.

The school also smells horrible. Especially when they turned on the AC in the class rooms, it smelled like someone poured a bucket of urine into the machine before they turned it on, and because of that the whole school started smelling like that all the time, and honestly while this isn’t a complete deal breaker, when you add in the rest of the reasons into the equation it just becomes really too much!

Third thing is several of the teachers I had were incredibly rude! I’m fairly certain I was either older than some of these teachers or around the same age and they treated me like a kid from high school! They didn’t need to be like this, but some were (I had 2 really fantastic teachers here though, I won’t belittle the help they attempted to give me!).

Fourth thing is that if you’re looking to come to this school to get a diploma in Japanese, think again. The chances of most people sticking it out here is pretty low, and then on top of that, many of these people who did attempt to go all the way still didn’t get the diploma at the end of the VISA. It’s much much longer from what I’m hearing than just the 2 years to get it like they advertise and many have students have wasted a lot of their time. Which is a lot of work for nothing.

Fifth reason is that if you are slow at picking up the language, or even just slow at picking up a grammar points, you could (MAYBE) get help from a teacher if they actually care, but many do not to the extent that you may need them too. The teacher that helped me out I really appreciate because I was falling behind, however I soon discovered I needed more personal care towards my Japanese so that’s why I ultimately wanted to look for another school. FFLC told me that I could just wait 4 months and then try that specific lesson again when it comes back around.

Now, I hope I don’t need to explain how ridiculous that is. But I will some what. Basically what they said was, just deal with it and then in 4 months time you can pick up where you left off. However, during that 4 months I still have to go to class and I’d have more and more problems and frustrations building until I could finally try again, which includes silent ridicule from both the teachers and even the students (and that was still in the beginning of the course, imagine what it’s like later on!). That’s just down right cruel to even suggest that honestly. I hope you can see the problem here, I was already getting really depressed around this time and then telling me to just deal with it is pretty harsh.

Just waiting it out was not an option because I was called out every single day about not knowing the language, I wasn’t able to just sit there and absorb it, I was basically humiliated every single day! It would be okay to have this as an option as long as there were more options to get more help and to be able to catch up or keep progressing (like other schools provide their students!).

Fifth reason is that they are riddled with extortionist type behavior towards their students (which include: dormitories, their diploma claims and payment towards the school).

How do I know? I know this because this is the #1 major problem I ultimately had with them (and the reason I’m writing this article)!

It was about 3 or so months into going to school there. I told them that I knew I had to go to another school who could provide me the help I needed, they then told me I had to pay them for another semester to leave. I knew I would be out the current semester and I was okay with that because THAT IS FAIR! I’ve owned my own business for around 10 plus years and I don’t fret them on that, however what they did next is what really exposed their true colors.

Before I could leave they drilled me military style in a small white room with 2 people from the school to try to get me to stay, which included threats on our VISAs. I was able to use some old information from when I was in elementary school to show I had learning challenges, in which I was in special education, I had some late development in communication, didn’t mean I was stupid, however it was enough to be able to get them to lift their boots from our necks just enough to let us go to this other school.

But not before demanding we pay them another full semester (and this was for 2 people!). However there were ZERO contracts signed or even presented saying that we needed to pay them this money. This is where the extortion is plain as day. They just wanted to squeeze a bit more out of us before letting us go.

Here is a few screen shots and messages from other people about FFLC:

-Fukuoka Seikei Gakuen is FFLC-

Here is a comment from their Go! Go! Nihon YouTube video:

NOT RECOMMENDED, I studied there 1 year and half. The moment I (and other friends) decided to leave the school they asked (the school) us to pay money we were not supposed to pay (a lot of money). Their answer is always the same: “we made a mistake”. The dormitory also is very expensive compared to Fukuoka prices, the same room the school give you for 50.000 yen can be rent for just 20.000 yen contacting real estate agencies. The dormitory also try to increase the electricity bill.


FFLC seemingly uses foreigners lack of Japanese law to attempt to maximize their profits, despite they have no right to do this. Which is another reason, NOT to trust them.


So in the end my wife and I simply were extorted (These comments above show more proof that we are not the only ones this has happened to). Like stated before we were able to get out of the situation but at great cost. I still can remember it like yesterday sitting there while they ran their mouth about not being able to transfer us to the new school unless they “agreed” to it which meant we needed to pay them 6 more months of school for their approval. They tried giving us documentation showing we agreed to pay a full year (which I provide below and you decide), but there was NOTHING in writing nor anything signed saying that this specific contract that we agreed to pay for a full year. So they extorted us for a recommendation to change schools even when my personal mental health and Japanese learning career was on the line, they didn’t care.

Now on to the proof:

This is a screen shot from Go! Go! Nihon for the course costs of FFLC. It has no connection to the contract I ultimately signed with FFLC. They tried to use this screen shot from Go! Go! Nihon as the contract to be liable to pay them for an entire year. Despite we had a verbal contract with FFLC and Go! Go! Nihon by paying for 6 months at a time (a full term).

review of FFLC and exposing them for theives and rip offsThe contract on the left, states that the payment I made for 6 months (for myself and my wife), wasn’t going to be refunded. In which we agreed and accepted. But this contract has nothing to do with having to pay them for anymore semesters.

Comparing this to renting an apartment, we never even officially signed a 1 year lease, if anything it was a 2 year agreement (via VISA), we signed up (which is not in the contract verbiage) for payments 6 month at a time as that is a full school term. Terms at FFLC are dictated by the fact that they restart every six months for new students, and they even told me to wait that time for the new term to restart my classes from the beginning.

For example renting an apartment you sign the lease and put down your deposit, and in our case we paid 6 months in advance (which is not stated in the verbiage as a partial payment for a 1 year agreement). After living in the “apartment” for 3 months, the apartment was not suited to our needs. We gave notice that we were leaving, we understood that the 6 months payment that we previously paid was going to be kept sort of like a security deposit.

BUT NEVER HAS AN APARTMENT/LANDLORD DEMANDED EVER AN ENTIRE YEARS WORTH OF RENT FOR APARTMENT!

Despite that even if that was the agreed upon assumption, where is the contract verbiage stating our liability for a full year of payments? Citing a third party website doesn’t count as suitable contract agreement for payment, and therefore should have been added to the ACTUAL signed contract, with what a full term means, how much it is, or if was a partial or full payment.


JUST AGAIN TO RECAP, WHAT YOU SEE ABOVE IS “THEIR PROOF” OF WHY WE NEEDED TO PAY THEM AGAIN! 

IN THE END THERE IS ZERO CONTRACT VERIBAGE TO PROVE ANYTHING! IT’S ALL HERSAY & VAGUE VERBAL AGREEMENTS.

THIS JUST GOES TO SHOW HOW UNCARING THEY WERE AND WE WERE LEGITIMATELY SUFFERING AT FFLC, AND WE WANTED OUT AND WE ALREADY OVERPAID THEM BUT THEY DEMANDED MORE FROM US!

You think something as intense of “NEEDING” to pay another full semester to leave would
have some more solid documents showing this is a real school policy!


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Since we felt there were no valid justification or contracts to their demands for more money and most of all that our dream of living in Japan and learning Japanese was in total Jeopardy (holding our VISA over our heads), my wife and I sought out legal consultation. We found a free consultation in Hakata, and went to it, the guy spoke totally in Japanese but he had a translator, but in the end he was way too understanding and said he wanted $1,000 just to give FFLC a call. So in the end, we felt that not only we would have been out $1,000 for the lawyer being unsupportive but also out an additional $6,000 for having to pay the ransom that FFLC wanted.

So in the end, we felt we had to pay it to continue staying in Japan.

Another thing about this school that starts to make them even more fishy and a bad option to choose from is that I also tried to leave a review on their Facebook business page and then all their “loyal” students (which we’re only a few) started to threaten me physically replying to my review and verbally abusing me. It got SO bad, they deleted their Facebook review page for awhile, which was showing up #1 in Google for their school name, but they had to because those replies we’re so viscous and unwarranted for explaining my situation. It’s ridiculous that they allowed other students to act like some kind of Gestapo towards a review about them when it was 100% between us and them.

I would highly recommend staying away from FFLC to protect your future dreams of moving and staying in Japan.

UPDATE APRIL 2019: They since got their Facebook review page back up and requested those who verbally harassed me (some with physical violence threats) to remove it. Now it’s pretty much just my review of FFLC now.

FFLC at it’s core is wrapped up in illegal activities and I would love to see them go out of business or at least be confronted and made to change their ways and stop meddling in peoples dreams. I may be slow with learning a language but I’m a genius on many other fronts, which is the reason I’ve been working for 20 years off and on to continue my dream of learning Japanese and living in Japan, they didn’t care about my well-being, all they cared about was money!

Shame on them, it’s sad they had to be this way! I will continue throughout into the future to expose their ways as long as they are a Japanese language school and I will help others find better options than FFLC in Fukuoka! And there are plenty!

UPDATE FEB 2022 (first wrote this article in June 2017): Since this page has gone up I’ve helped many different people inside FROM FFLC try to leave without getting ripped off. But have also helped 100+ people (stopped keeping track!) now steer away from FFLC by contacting me, it’s not a pat on the back, I’m just very very serious about helping others protect their Dream of Japan, because if you go with this Yakuza (Gang) like Japanese language school, you have a greater chance of being extorted or treated with disrespect! I have much better suggestions for you all over Japan for schools to go to, you can contact us by writing a comment, or going to the enroll page and signing up.

What are the good things that have come from this experience?

Nihon Scope has gone from an experiential blog of Japan to a registered Japanese company called “Nihon Scope Unlimited GK”, we have a Travel Agency license, we are a real estate investment company as well as an import and export company, but something that should interest you the most is we are now (and have been for a while) a legitimate company that has been helping people from all over the world go to school in Japan.

We help people (like you) find schools that will suit with your personality and the criteria and needs you have for coming to Japan. FFLC has a VERY strict personality and those who make it through honestly either like or need that type of treatment, most people find it to be dehumanizing and stressful to work with their staff, teachers and the structure of their classes and of course their overall way of doing things (mostly ripping people off).

I’ve been personally attacked by many of the students I went to school with because the school lied to them about us (my wife and I) and what really happened, I’ve attempted to talk and reason with these past fellow students who have YouTube videos and articles about the school, but they of course have no leg to stand on as it’s heresy from a group of thugs (FFLC) and there is no real experience there of what they are claiming.

So we went from being victimized to becoming a full fledge company in Japan. I used this experience to grow and to be able to help others avoid the traps of schools like FFLC. At this moment in time this is the only school I’ve worked with that has been like this (as well as for our students we’ve helped get placed in other Japanese schools). If for any reason we find anymore like this, know that I will make sure to write a review for them too!

-Nihon Scope

PS: If you need help enrolling for school in Japan allow us to help you CLICK HERE.

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